Monday, October 10, 2016

Individual and Collective Repentance

Maimonides writes in his Laws of Repentance [2:6]:
Though repentance and crying out (to God) is always good, during the ten days between Rosh haShana and Yom Kippur, it is especially good, and will be immediately accepted, as the verse [Isaiah 55:6] says, “Seek God while He may be found, call upon Him while He is near.”
My father compared this to the seasonal lowering of the price of fruit. Since the Ten Days of Penitence are the season of repentance, the “cost” is lower.
Maimonides continues by distinguishing between the individual and the collective:
The above is true for the individual, however, concerning the congregation, whenever they repent with sincere hearts, they will be answered, as the verse says, “Whenever we call Him.” [Deuteronomy 4:7]
Continuing my father’s comparison, it is as if God grants a special discount to the congregation which is not available to individuals.
Rabbi Shlomo Wolbe explains that the collective is not the sum of its constituent members, but rather a new entity. True, most people think they can live as individuals, alone and independent, however one who achieves deeper insight concludes that the individual requires the collective for him to have a significant existence. Rabbi Wolbe asserts that a person must reach the understanding that the collective is the source of vitality for the individual. Indeed, this understanding explains our Sages’ insight into the inclusion of helbana (by itself, foul smelling) among the eleven spices of the incense offered in the Temple:
Said Rabbi Ḥana son of Bizna in the name of Rabbi Ḥisda the pious: A fast in which none of the sinners of Israel participate is no fast; for behold the odor of ḥelbana is unpleasant and yet it was included among the spices for the incense. Abaye says: We learn this from the verse [Amos 9:6]: “And his union was founded upon the earth.”                              Babylonian Talmud, Kritot 6b
            Looking forward to Sukkot, Rabbi Wolbe’s understanding explains our Sages’ comment:
It was taught: Of the four kinds used for the lulav two are fruit-bearing and two are not; those which bear fruits must be joined to those which bear no fruits and those which bear no fruits must be joined to those which bear fruits. And a man does not fulfill his obligation unless they are all bound in one band. And so it is with Israel's conciliation with God, (it is achieved) only when they are all in one band, as it is said [Amos 9:6], “And his union was founded upon the earth.”                                                      Babylonian Talmud, Menachot 27a
          Rabbi Wolbe questions the Sages’ understanding that the righteous ones of Israel are dependent upon the unrighteous, and explains that every Jew, simply by virtue of being Jewish is part of Klal Yisrael (the collective Israel), and therefore, Klal Yisrael cannot exist without those who are not righteous.
            Returning to the basic point that the individual must see himself as part of the collective, Rabbi Wolbe quotes the Gaon of Vilna, who says that in prayer one must have intention (kavana) not for his personal needs, but for the perfection of Klal Yisrael. Given that this is true on a daily basis, it is all the truer regarding the High Holiday prayers.
May it be His will that each of us contribute his/her part to the collective and through our own merit and the merit of Klal Yisrael, may we all be inscribed and sealed in the Book of Life.





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